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                                    substr

   (PHP 3, PHP 4 )
   substr -- Return part of a string

Description

   string substr ( string string, int start [, int length])

   substr() returns the portion of string specified by the start and
   length parameters.

   If start is non-negative, the returned string will start at the
   start'th position in string, counting from zero. For instance, in the
   string 'abcdef', the character at position 0 is 'a', the character at
   position 2 is 'c', and so forth.

   Example 1. Basic substr() usage
   <?php
   $rest = substr("abcdef", 1);    // returns "bcdef"
   $rest = substr("abcdef", 1, 3); // returns "bcd"
   $rest = substr("abcdef", 0, 4); // returns "abcd"
   $rest = substr("abcdef", 0, 8); // returns "abcdef"
   // Accessing via curly braces is another option
   $string = 'abcdef';
   echo $string{0};                // returns a
   echo $string{3};                // returns d
   ?>

   If start is negative, the returned string will start at the start'th
   character from the end of string.

   Example 2. Using a negative start
   <?php
   $rest = substr("abcdef", -1);    // returns "f"
   $rest = substr("abcdef", -2);    // returns "ef"
   $rest = substr("abcdef", -3, 1); // returns "d"
   ?>

   If length is given and is positive, the string returned will contain
   at most length characters beginning from start (depending on the
   length of string). If string is less than start characters long, FALSE
   will be returned.

   If length is given and is negative, then that many characters will be
   omitted from the end of string (after the start position has been
   calculated when a start is negative). If start denotes a position
   beyond this truncation, an empty string will be returned.

   Example 3. Using a negative length
   <?php
   $rest = substr("abcdef", 0, -1);  // returns "abcde"
   $rest = substr("abcdef", 2, -1);  // returns "cde"
   $rest = substr("abcdef", 4, -4);  // returns ""
   $rest = substr("abcdef", -3, -1); // returns "de"
   ?>

   See also strrchr(), substr_replace(), ereg(), and trim().
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